An empirical model of the Saturn thermosphere

We present an empirical model of H2 densities and temperatures above the homopause for Saturn thermosphere, based on stellar occultations observed by Cassini/UVIS instrument. These observations span whole Cassini mission probe a wide range latitudes, longitudes local times. Although is only, results agree well with Voyager reasonably other measurements temperature density in thermosphere. The principal meridional trend that captures increase latitude away from equator, associated significantly elevated level altitudes at latitudes higher than about 40° both hemispheres. confirm importance auroral heating Saturn’s thermosphere constrain models global circulation. estimate uncertainty standard deviation data points around mean state. do not attempt to distinguish retrieval errors spatial temporal trends. find most important source apparent semi-annual variation temperature, expansion contraction pressure levels Similar occurs Earth’s where it likely driven seasonal changes presented here useful tool constrains physical models, helps interpret existing observations, supports planning future missions.